Topology
Addressing Table
|
Device
|
Interface
|
IPv6 Address
|
Default Gateway
|
|
R1
|
G0/0
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:A::1/64
FE80::1 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/0 (DCE)
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:12::1/64
FE80::1 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/1
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:13::1/64
FE80::1 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
R2
|
G0/0
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:B::2/64
FE80::2 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/0
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:12::2/64
FE80::2 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/1 (DCE)
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:23::2/64
FE80::2 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
R3
|
G0/0
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:C::3/64
FE80::3 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/0 (DCE)
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:13::3/64
FE80::3 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
|
S0/0/1
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:23::3/64
FE80::3 link-local
|
N/A
|
|
PC-A
|
NIC
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:A::A/64
|
FE80::1
|
|
PC-B
|
NIC
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:B::B/64
|
FE80::2
|
|
PC-C
|
NIC
|
2001:DB8:ACAD:C::C/64
|
FE80::3
|
Objectives
Part 1: Build the Network and
Configure Basic Device Settings
Part 2: Configure and Verify OSPFv3
Routing
Part 3: Configure OSPFv3 Passive
Interfaces
Background / Scenario
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a
link-state routing protocol for IP networks. OSPFv2 is defined for IPv4
networks, and OSPFv3 is defined for IPv6 networks.
In this lab, you will configure the
network topology with OSPFv3 routing, assign router IDs, configure passive
interfaces, and use a number of CLI commands to display and verify OSPFv3
routing information.
Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on labs
are Cisco 1941 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4)M3
(universalk9 image). Other routers and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending
on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and output produced
might vary from what is shown in the labs. Refer to the Router Interface
Summary Table at the end of this lab for the correct interface identifiers.
Note: Make sure that the routers have been erased and have no startup
configurations. If you are unsure, contact your instructor.
Required Resources
·
3 Routers (Cisco 1941 with
Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4)M3 universal image or comparable)
·
3 PCs (Windows 7, Vista, or XP
with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
·
Console cables to configure the
Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
·
Ethernet and serial cables as
shown in the topology
Part 1:
Build the Network and Configure
Basic Device Settings
In Part 1, you will set up the network
topology and configure basic settings on the PC hosts and routers.
Step 1:
Cable the network as shown in
the topology.
Step 2:
Initialize and reload the routers
as necessary.
Step 3:
Configure basic settings for
each router.
a.
Disable DNS lookup.
b.
Configure device name as shown
in the topology.
c.
Assign class as the privileged EXEC password.
d.
Assign cisco as the vty password.
e.
Configure a MOTD banner to warn
users that unauthorized access is prohibited.
f.
Configure logging synchronous for the console line.
g.
Encrypt plain text passwords.
h.
Configure the IPv6 unicast and
link-local addresses listed in the Addressing Table for all interfaces.
i.
Enable IPv6 unicast routing on
each router.
j.
Copy the running configuration
to the startup configuration.
Step 4:
Configure PC hosts.
Step 5:
Test connectivity.
The routers should be able to ping one
another, and each PC should be able to ping its default gateway. The PCs are unable
to ping other PCs until OSPFv3 routing is configured. Verify and troubleshoot
if necessary.
Part 2:
Configure OSPFv3 Routing
In Part 2, you will configure OSPFv3
routing on all routers in the network and then verify that routing tables are
updated correctly.
Step 1:
Assign router IDs.
OSPFv3 continues to use a 32 bit address
for the router ID. Because there are no IPv4 addresses configured on the
routers, you will manually assign the router ID using the router-id command.
a.
Issue the ipv6 router ospf command to start an OSPFv3 process to the router.
R1(config)# ipv6
router ospf 1
Note: The OSPF process ID is kept locally and has no meaning to other
routers on the network.
b.
Assign the OSPFv3 router ID 1.1.1.1 to the R1.
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1
c.
Start the OSPFv3 routing
process and assign a router ID of 2.2.2.2
to R2 and a router ID of 3.3.3.3 to
R3.
d.
Issue the show ipv6 ospf command to verify the router IDs on all routers.
R2# show
ipv6 ospf
Routing Process "ospfv3
1" with ID 2.2.2.2
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events:
1000, Mode: cyclic
Router is not originating router-LSAs with
maximum metric
<output
omitted>
Step 2:
Configure OSPFv6 on R1.
With IPv6, it is common to have multiple
IPv6 addresses configured on an interface. The network statement has been
eliminated in OSPFv3. OSPFv3 routing is enabled at the interface level instead.
a.
Issue the ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 command for each interface on R1 that is to
participate in OSPFv3 routing.
R1(config)# interface
g0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)# interface s0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)# interface s0/0/1
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
Note: The process ID must match the process ID you used in Step1a.
b.
Assign the interfaces on R2 and
R3 to OSPFv3 area 0. You should see neighbor adjacency messages display when
adding the interfaces to area 0.
R1#
*Mar 19 22:14:43.251: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on
Serial0/0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1#
*Mar 19 22:14:46.763: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on
Serial0/0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
Step 3:
Verify OSPFv3 neighbors.
Issue the show ipv6 ospf neighbor command to verify that the router has
formed an adjacency with its neighboring routers. If the router ID of the
neighboring router is not displayed, or if its state does not show as FULL, the
two routers have not formed an OSPF adjacency.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf neighbor
OSPFv3 Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
Neighbor ID Pri
State Dead Time Interface ID Interface
3.3.3.3 0
FULL/ - 00:00:39
6 Serial0/0/1
2.2.2.2 0
FULL/ - 00:00:36 6 Serial0/0/0
Step 4:
Verify OSPFv3 protocol
settings.
The show ipv6 protocols command is
a quick way to verify vital OSPFv3 configuration information, including the
OSPF process ID, the router ID, and the interfaces enabled for OSPFv3.
R1# show
ipv6 protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocol is
"connected"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "ND"
IPv6 Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Router ID 1.1.1.1
Number of areas: 1 normal, 0 stub, 0 nssa
Interfaces (Area 0):
Serial0/0/1
Serial0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0
Redistribution:
None
Step 5:
Verify OSPFv3 interfaces.
a.
Issue the show ipv6 ospf interface command to display a detailed list for
every OSPF-enabled interface.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf interface
Serial0/0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 7
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:05
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/3/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6
Area
0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:00
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 2
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 3
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, local address FE80::1
No
backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
b.
To display a summary of OSPFv3-enabled
interfaces, issue the show ipv6 ospf
interface brief command.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf interface brief
Interface
PID Area Intf ID Cost
State Nbrs F/C
Se0/0/1
1 0 7 64
P2P 1/1
Se0/0/0
1 0 6 64
P2P 1/1
Gi0/0
1 0 3 1
DR 0/0
Step 6:
Verify the IPv6 routing table.
Issue the show ipv6 route command to verify that all networks are appearing
in the routing table.
R2# show
ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 10 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S -
Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2
IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect
O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
O 2001:DB8:ACAD:A::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
C
2001:DB8:ACAD:B::/64 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected
L
2001:DB8:ACAD:B::2/128 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive
O 2001:DB8:ACAD:C::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
C
2001:DB8:ACAD:12::/64 [0/0]
via Serial0/0/0, directly connected
L
2001:DB8:ACAD:12::2/128 [0/0]
via Serial0/0/0, receive
O 2001:DB8:ACAD:13::/64
[110/128]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
C
2001:DB8:ACAD:23::/64 [0/0]
via Serial0/0/1, directly connected
L
2001:DB8:ACAD:23::2/128 [0/0]
via Serial0/0/1, receive
L
FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0, receive
What command would you use to only see
the OSPF routes in the routing table?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Step 7:
Verify end-to-end connectivity.
Each PC should be able to ping the other
PCs in the topology. Verify and troubleshoot if necessary.
Note: It may be necessary to disable the PC firewall to ping between
PCs.
Part 3:
Configure OSPFv3 Passive
Interfaces
The passive-interface
command prevents routing updates from being sent through the specified router
interface. This is commonly done to reduce traffic on the LANs as they do not
need to receive dynamic routing protocol communication. In Part 3, you will use
the passive-interface command to
configure a single interface as passive. You will also configure OSPFv3 so that
all interfaces on the router are passive by default, and then enable OSPF
routing advertisements on selected interfaces.
Step 1:
Configure a passive interface.
a.
Issue the show ipv6 ospf interface g0/0 command on R1. Notice the timer
indicating when the next Hello packet is expected. Hello packets are sent every
10 seconds and are used between OSPF routers to verify that their neighbors are
up.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf interface g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is
up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 3
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, local address FE80::1
No
backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:05
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
b.
Issue the passive-interface command to change the G0/0 interface on R1 to
passive.
R1(config)# ipv6
router ospf 1
R1(config-rtr)# passive-interface g0/0
c.
Re-issue the show ipv6 ospf interface g0/0 command
to verify that G0/0 is now passive.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf interface g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is
up
Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 3
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1
Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
No
designated router on this network
No
backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
No Hellos (Passive interface)
Wait time before Designated router selection 00:00:34
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
d.
Issue the show ipv6 route ospf command on R2 and R3 to verify that a route to
the 2001:DB8:ACAD:A::/64 network is still available.
R2# show
ipv6 route ospf
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 10 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S -
Static, U - Per-user Static route
B - BGP, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2
IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect
O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
O 2001:DB8:ACAD:A::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
O
2001:DB8:ACAD:C::/64 [110/65]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
O
2001:DB8:ACAD:13::/64 [110/128]
via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
Step 2:
Set passive interface as the
default on the router.
a.
Issue the passive-interface default command on R2 to set the default for all
OSPFv3 interfaces as passive.
R2(config)# ipv6
router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)# passive-interface default
b.
Issue the show ipv6 ospf neighbor command on R1. After the dead timer
expires, R2 is no longer listed as an OSPF neighbor.
R1# show
ipv6 ospf neighbor
OSPFv3 Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 1)
Neighbor ID Pri
State Dead Time Interface ID Interface
3.3.3.3 0
FULL/ - 00:00:37 6 Serial0/0/1
c.
On R2, issue the show ipv6 ospf interface s0/0/0 command
to view the OSPF status of interface S0/0/0.
R2# show
ipv6 ospf interface s0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Link Local Address FE80::2, Interface ID 6
Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 2.2.2.2
Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
No Hellos (Passive interface)
Graceful restart helper support enabled
Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 3
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
d.
If all OSPFv3 interfaces on R2
are passive, then no routing information is being advertised. If this is the
case, then R1 and R3 should no longer have a route to the 2001:DB8:ACAD:B::/64
network. You can verify this by using the show
ipv6 route command.
e.
Change S0/0/1 on R2 by issuing
the no passive-interface command, so
that it sends and receives OSPFv3 routing updates. After entering this command,
an informational message displays stating that a neighbor adjacency has been
established with R3.
R2(config)# ipv6
router ospf 1
R2(config-rtr)# no passive-interface s0/0/1
*Apr 8 19:21:57.939: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 1,
Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial0/0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
f.
Re-issue the show ipv6 route and show ipv6 ospf neighbor commands on R1
and R3, and look for a route to the 2001:DB8:ACAD:B::/64 network.
What interface is R1 using to route to
the 2001:DB8:ACAD:B::/64 network? _________
What is the accumulated cost metric for
the 2001:DB8:ACAD:B::/64 network on R1? _______
Does R2 show up as an OSPFv3 neighbor on
R1? ________
Does R2 show up as an OSPFv3 neighbor on
R3? ________
What does this information tell you?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
g.
On R2, issue the no passive-interface S0/0/0 command to
allow OSPFv3 routing updates to be advertised on that interface.
h.
Verify that R1 and R2 are now
OSPFv3 neighbors.
Reflection
1.
If the OSPFv6 configuration for
R1 had a process ID of 1, and the OSPFv3 configuration for R2 had a process ID
of 2, can routing information be exchanged between the two routers? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.
What may have been the
reasoning for removing the network
command in OSPFv3?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Router Interface Summary Table
|
Router Interface Summary
|
||||
|
Router Model
|
Ethernet Interface #1
|
Ethernet Interface #2
|
Serial Interface #1
|
Serial Interface #2
|
|
1800
|
Fast Ethernet 0/0 (F0/0)
|
Fast Ethernet 0/1 (F0/1)
|
Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)
|
Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
|
|
1900
|
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 (G0/0)
|
Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 (G0/1)
|
Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)
|
Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
|
|
2801
|
Fast Ethernet 0/0 (F0/0)
|
Fast Ethernet 0/1 (F0/1)
|
Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0)
|
Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
|
|
2811
|
Fast Ethernet 0/0 (F0/0)
|
Fast Ethernet 0/1 (F0/1)
|
Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)
|
Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
|
|
2900
|
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 (G0/0)
|
Gigabit Ethernet 0/1 (G0/1)
|
Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0)
|
Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
|
|
Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces
to identify the type of router and how many interfaces the router has. There
is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each
router class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations
of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device. The table does not include
any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one.
An example of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis
is the legal abbreviation that can be used in Cisco IOS commands to represent
the interface.
|
||||
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